This independence made him critical of existing policies, earning him sufficient popular support to win office, but also the consequent wrath of the establishment that could have protected him from investigation. Soon the talk of impeachment is echoing through the halls of the Capitol. Ballotpedia's election legislation tracker, Political favoritism in admissions to the University of Texas, Forgivable loans program at the University of Texas Law School, House Select Committee on Transparency in State Agency Operations (TSAO), Joint Committee on Oversight of Higher Ed Governance, Excellence & Transparency, University of Texas System Board of Regents, 1987 Memorandum within the Texas Legislative Council regarding removal of state officers by the state legislature, Analysis of Constitutional Impeachment Procedures in Texas, Texas House Bill 588, the "Top 10% Rule" (1997), https://ballotpedia.org/wiki/index.php?title=Impeachments_in_Texas&oldid=8020920, Conflicts in school board elections, 2021-2022, Special Congressional elections (2023-2024), 2022 Congressional Competitiveness Report, State Executive Competitiveness Report, 2022, State Legislative Competitiveness Report, 2022, Partisanship in 2022 United States local elections. The most discussed plank in his platform, which appealed especially to tenant farmers, proposed a law that would limit the rent charged by landlords and prevent the collection of bonuses. 2] THE IMPEACHMENT OF JAMES E. FERGUSON I85 there, was immediately converted to the legal profession. Only two elected officials in the history of Texas have ever been successfully impeached. He told Vinson that he fought him on this he was in for the biggest bear fight in Texas history. That fairly summarized his attitude about his power. The first and only Texas governor to be impeached is Governor James "Pa" Ferguson. Democratic nominee James M. Cox won in Texas, where the white majority was voting solidly Democratic. That committee has been holding a series of meetings in late 2013. Even his former political allies couldn't find him innocent in the face of such damning evidence - and his own indefensible behavior. When his reasoning was questioned, he would respond, I am governor of Texas. Even during the workday Christina De La Cruzs family is rarely far away. He decided that the university president must resign, and when Vinson refused, Ferguson vetoed the universitys entire budget. Her most recent publications include contributions to Texas Women: Their Histories, Their Lives and Discovering Texas History. An effort was begun in 2013 to investigate the possibility of impeaching University of Texas Regent Wallace Hall. There are 150 members of the Texas State House. January 1996 in Austin, Texas), first black southern woman in the United States Congress. On December 31, 1899, he married Miriam A. Wallace; they had two children. Thats how she likes it. Jessica Brannon-Wranosky and Bruce A. Glasrud, eds. The Texas Senate reduced the charges to 10, half of which dealt with the transfer of the $5,600. An argument over spending tax dollars, an attempt to silence political opponents, and charges of a kangaroo court. This is not a current story but a faint echo of a notorious event in Texas History, the impeachment of Gov. He was barred, but managed to have his wife ("Ma Ferguson") elected governor; she was elected for a second term in 1932. He was defeated in the Democratic primary by his successor and incumbent, William P. Hobby of Houston, previously the lieutenant governor. He tapped Reverend Allan Ferguson Cunningham to serve as State Librarian, despite his lack of training or experience in the field. The issues were prohibition, the tax rate, and certain unpalatable rumors concerning the Ferguson administration. The legislature passed generous appropriation bills, and the ad valorem tax rate reached the constitutional maximum of thirty-five cents. But the mere fact that Ferguson had been impeached and made ineligible to hold any office of trust or profit under the state did not in any sense remove him from the field of Texas politics. The veto was retaliation against the university because of its refusal to dismiss certain faculty members whom Ferguson found objectionable, including William Harding Mayes, former Texas Lieutenant Governor and founder and dean of the University of Texas School of Journalism. Found in volume 15,291 (available at govinfo). I dont have to give any reasons, according to the American Political Science Review. Against a lawsuit filed to prevent the Texas Democratic Party from listing him on the primary ballot, Ferguson argued that his impeachment trial ended without a conviction or judgment because he resigned his office before the Senate decided the case. Dan Moody. Impeached. Impeached provides a new examination of the rise and fall of Ferguson's political fortunes, offering a focused look at how battles over economic class, academic freedom, women's enfranchisement, and concentrated political power came to be directed toward one politician. In order for an official to be impeached, articles of impeachment must be brought by the Texas House of Representatives. Ma placed a distant fifth. By W.F. An argument over spending tax dollars, an attempt to silence political opponents, and charges of a kangaroo court.. The chair of the State Library and Historical Commission, Eugene C. Barker, heard talk about these plans and intervened in support of Winkler. Click here to contact our editorial staff, and click here to report an error. Ferguson would often call into question the value of a college diploma, saying it was book learning gone to seed. He said some professors took three years to learn that you couldnt grow wool on an armadillo. His constituency, he claimed, resided where the creeks forked and he felt they were getting short-changed by not getting enough basic education, while the kids at UT were getting too much of it., He said those kids go up to Austin for four years and return home with nothing but a mandolin and liver damage. As my brother Redneck Dave would say, That right there is funny. He maintained his. He was replaced by William P. Hobby after the Texas House of Representatives found him guilty in ten of twenty-one charges. Governor and President Pro Tempore have not acted, then by proclamation of a signed majority of the members of the Senate. After a trial, the Senate voted him out of office by a vote of 25-3 and banned him from holding any state office. He lost the 1922 Democratic Primary race for U. S. Senate by a wide margin. State and local courts | Please subscribe to keep reading. The Constitution gives Congress the power of impeachment in federal cases. 1. so that gubernatorial elections will not be influenced by a presidential election 2. so that candidates cannot run for governor and a federal office at the same time 3. so that voters will not become overwhelmed by too many candidates in one year 4. because Texas happened to become part of the US during an off-year In 1917, barely into his second term as governor of Texas, James E. Ferguson was impeached, convicted, and removed from office. Eight governors have been removed from office through impeachment. Though he was kicked out of office and disgraced in front of his colleagues, Ferguson was still very popular among his hard-core supporters and rallied back. State legislature | As much as one might appreciate Fergusons homey aphorisms, a word hed likely have found objectionable because of its academic taint his style loses its charm when you learn all that was revealed at his impeachment. Though he had signed legislation creating three new colleges, he found himself in a feud with professors at the University of Texas. Samuel Houston (1793-1863), American statesman and soldier, was the person most responsible for bringing Texas into the Union. The policy of state aid to rural schools was begun, and a rather timid law requiring compulsory school attendance was passed. He posted bond and wasted no time in announcing his candidacy for a third term as governor. Three new normal schools were authorized. Both women followed husbands who had served earlier. Though no Texas official has been impeached and removed from office at the state level since Ferguson, Texas politics has hardly been scandal-free. And she won. Eight federal judges have been convicted in the Senate and removed from office. In 1917, James Ferguson was impeached and removed from office as governor of Texas while under indictment. James Ferguson was brought down by his lunch.Full story: https://www.kvue.com/article/news/. So, he quit ahead of time so he could then turn aroundand he was counting on coming right back and getting reelected. Oklahoma has impeached and removed two governors, and West Virginia impeached four members of its State Supreme Court at the same time in 2018. 2020 Census Making An Invisible Population Visible, Lyceum Poll Finds Bernie Sanders Most Likely Democrat To Beat Trump In Texas, One Texans Journey to Understanding His Identity as a Queer Muslim, In West Texas, Knowing Your Address Can Be The Difference Between Life And Death. Ferguson won the nomination by a majority of about 40,000 votes. After a trial, the Senate voted him out of office by a vote of 25-3 and banned him from holding any state office. Only 17 federal officers have been impeached since 1776. In 1918 he sought the Democratic party nomination for the governorship but was defeated by William P. Hobby. He moved to Temple and in 1907 joined with others in establishing the Temple State Bank. Before his impeachment, Texas students paraded from the campus to the Capitol and held a protest rally, complete with the university band, right outside Fergusons office while he met with the regents. Johnson Roofing built a business on topping off buildings, but when it comes to its legacy, Bill Johnson and daughter Sherri focus on the foundation. He is interred next to his wife at the Texas State Cemetery in Austin. His wife was defeated for re-election in 1926, following questions of improper use of her pardoning power. Committee member Dan Flynn said he was not surprised by the findings and was pleased the university counsel reached a conclusion.[21][22][23][24]. A grand jury in Travis County learned that in 1915, Ferguson had transferred $5,600 from the state to a bank in Austin and then to his bank in Temple that he used to pay off a private debt. The Arizona House and Senate impeached Mecham, a Republican, in 1988 after a state grand jury convicted him on six felony charges of fraud, perjury and filing false documents. Within the Cite this article tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. Ferguson was indicted on charges including embezzlement while Carillo spent three years in jail following his impeachment. Ferguson was indicted on nine charges which included misapplication of public funds, embezzlement and the diversion of a special fund. The entire process is substantially the same in Texas for elected officials, as it is for most of the other states. Ferguson convinced his wife to run one more time in 1940. The charges of impeachment grew from a controvesy with the University of Texas administration, and resulted in Ferguson being charged with misapplication of public funds among nine other charges. She would serve one more term as governor from 1933 to 1935. In 1913, William Sulzer was impeached and removed from office as governor of New York. He was a popular figure, singing laws protecting sharecroppers and providing state funding for rural schools. He was reelected in 1916 but the following year was impeached on grounds of misusing public funds and removed from office. Ferguson declared that the Legislature was nothing more than a kangaroo court," resigned a day before the official conviction, and was steadfast in his beliefs that the judgment didnt apply to him, according to Rutherford. How to vote | James E. Ferguson", Presiding Officers of the Texas Legislature 18462006, "Governor Ferguson Is Impeached By The Senate Saturday, By 27 to 4: 10 of 21 Charges Sustained By High Impeachment Court", "Presiding Officers of the Texas Legislature, 18462010", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_E._Ferguson&oldid=1136223529, Candidates in the 1920 United States presidential election, Impeached state and territorial governors of the United States removed from office, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from March 2020, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 29 January 2023, at 09:22. In sum, his down-home authenticity faded away to reveal a man who was mostly a fraud. He was a popular figure, singing laws protecting sharecroppers and providing state funding for rural schools. The day before he was thrown out of office he resigned, saying it didn't count. In 1906, he sold Farmers bank and established Temple State Bank. The Texas Senate, many of whom had served under William Harding Mayes and with whom Mayes maintained cordial relationships,[14] removed Ferguson as governor and declared him ineligible to hold office under Texas jurisdiction. Ouida Ferguson Nalle, The Fergusons of Texas, or "Two Governors for the Price of One": A Biography of James Edward Ferguson and His Wife (San Antonio: Naylor, 1946). Legislators have accused Hall of abusing his power and targeting University of Texas, Austin President Bill Powers, while Hall maintains he was acting as a responsible regent investigating situations of clout and accountability problems within the University of Texas system. He was indicted and impeached during his second term, but according to Ferguson technically impeached, after he resigned office. Though he was kicked out of office and disgraced in front of his colleagues, Ferguson was still popular among his hardcore supporters and rallied back. Unlike federal offices, which require formal charges brought against an individual and in most cases criminal charges, the Texas Constitution does not provide specific grounds for impeachment. Retrieved February 23, 2023 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/ferguson-impeachment. The [Texas House of Representatives] immediately turned its attention to the numerous charges against [Governor James Ferguson] and, after a lengthy investigation, prepared twenty-one articles of impeachment. The accusations against Mayes were that he used his ownership of newspapers, including the Brownwood Bulletin, to spread negative information about Ferguson. In July 1917, he was indicted for misappropriation of funds. Governor have not acted, then by proclamation of the President Pro Tempore of the State Senate. In 1924, unable to run under his own name, he Mr. Ferguson, known as "Pa", ran his wife's campaign for the governorship against Judge Felix Robertson, the candidate endorsed by the Ku Klux Klan. Hall investigated the university's forgivable-loans program and admissions policies and preferential treatment to politically-connected individuals. "Ma" Ferguson became the second female governor in the United States, with Nellie Tayloe Ross of Wyoming being the first. This is simply not true. Refer to each styles convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. Dr. Ken Bridges is a writer, historian and native Texan who enjoys sharing these stories about people from the Lone Star state. Three others dealt with the veto of university funding as an abuse of power and official oppression. This might sound like the controversy involving UT System Regent Wallace Hall, an appointee of Gov. [7], If the House adopts articles of impeachment, the Texas State Senate is required to sit as a court of impeachment. Encyclopedia.com. Ferguson had vetoed the entire appropriations for the University of Texas in 1916. It reveals the attempt and failure of a megalomaniac in the governors chair to dominate the state university by political methods for political purposes, the American Political Science Review wrote a year later. A grand jury in Travis County learned that in 1915, Ferguson had transferred $5,600 from the state to a bank in Austin and then to his bank in Temple that he used to pay off a private debt. [20], A January 2014 review by the law firm Hilder & Associates concluded that there was "no credible evidence of a violation of [the state government code] that would warrant a referral for criminal prosecution." He was associated with the Farmers State Bank of Belton for several years and was a member of the Texas Bankers Association. She served two nonconsecutive two-year terms as governor: January 20, 1925 January 17, 1927. He claimed to be a successful businessman; he was not. James T. DeShields, They Sat in High Places: The Presidents and Governors of Texas (San Antonio: Naylor, 1940). They then sent the charges to the State Senate for trial. Sign up for our newsletter to keep reading. This call was of doubtful legality, but Ferguson removed all question by calling the legislature to meet for the purpose of making appropriations for the University of Texas. Proclamation of the speaker following the submission of a written petition signed by at least 50 members of the House. He was impeached in 1917 and removed from office. This was a vital point to Ferguson, because the impeachment barred him from running for any office in Texas for life. The Texas Legislative Code governs the process by which the Texas State Legislature can be brought into special session to address an impeachment proceeding. ." There were two major elements of the impeachment charges brought against Ferguson in 1917. He submitted his resignation the day before he was scheduled to be formally convicted. Farmer Jim wasnt even much of a farmer, though he owned a few farms and was incredibly loyal to farmers. Soon after, the alumni group began taking out ads in newspapers calling for the governors impeachment. Vinson asked what they had done to deserve it and he said, I dont need a reason, Im the governor.. Click here to contact us for media inquiries, and please donate here to support our continued expansion. Hilder submitted the report to the legislative committee. After he was appointed in 2011, Hall began looking into what he believed to be clout scandals within the University of Texas system. Jim Ferguson so enormously popular 100 years ago. The chairman of the investigating committee, William H. Bledsoe of Lubbock, called for impeachment. In her first term, Miriam Ma Ferguson, as she was known, had a law passed that gave amnesty to all Texas officials formerly impeached. He said the governor served the people, but he used the power of the office to reward his friends and crush not just his political enemies, but good servants of the state whose only offense was not voting for him. Both elected and non-elected officials can be impeached in Texas. Even his former political allies couldnt find him innocent in the face of such damning evidence and his own indefensible behavior. [8] Hall, as an individual citizen, filed FOIA requests with the University system after his inquiries via his role as a Regent were rebuffed. The 1920 presidential election was won by Republican candidate Warren Harding. Apply today! When Ferguson found that he could not have his way, he vetoed practically the entire appropriation for the university. Ferguson was born to the Reverend James E. Ferguson, and Fannie Ferguson near Salado in south Bell County, Texas. [11] Another leading Ferguson critic on the UT campus was the historian Eugene C. Barker. The prohibitionists held an elimination convention and pledged their support to Thomas H. Ball of Houston. He was re-elected in 1916. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. It appears that there were no criminal proceedings in this case. He was by this time an old man. Angry that two professors had openly criticized his administration, Ferguson demanded that the Board of Regents fire them. Has Austin Eliminated All Restrictions On People Experiencing Homelessness? An overview by John R. Lundberg offers a comprehensive survey of the impeachment process. [12], [13] In addition, Cigarroa wrote: "During testimony before the Select Committee, some early witnesses implied that the U.T. StrongJanuary 29, 202010:48 amArts & Culture, Stories From Texas, Bain News Service /Wikimedia Commons [Public domain]. When Vinson refused to fire the professors, Ferguson went after the Board of Regents to get them to do his bidding. Jordan wa, Houston, Sam Carillo in 1975. The regents refused. He loaned himself so much money that he practically bankrupted his own bank. How to run for office | He was kicked out of a local prep school, Salado College, at age 12 for misbehavior. Federal courts | The Fergusons retired from public life afterward with James Ferguson dying in 1944 and his wife passing away in 1961. Its our 10th year participating in Amplify, and to celebrate, weve got $15,000 in matching funds from four generous Tribune supporters. School districts | She even used the word Christian in the law, implying that Christian forgiveness was appropriate here. But Ferguson ran for governor in the 1918 Democratic primary. Cities | State legislators created a select committee to launch an investigation into possibly impeaching Wallace Hall, an appointed member of the University of Texas System Board of Regents. Title 6, Chapter 665 of the Texas Government Code addresses the impeachment and removal of public officers by the state house. months before, both the House and the Senate had refused to sustain charges against him, and his removal from office was far from certain when the legislature convened in special session. In 1924, his wife, Miriam Ma Ferguson won election as governor as a stand-in candidate in a tightly-contested race. (February 23, 2023). At 16, he left home and drifted through the states of the American West, working successively in a vineyard, a mine, a barbed wire factory, and at a grain ranch. In 1940 Mrs. Ferguson again sought the governorship, and for the last time "Farmer Jim" appealed to the voters of Texas. Instead, the House immediately turned its attention to 21 articles of impeachment. And once again, there is talk of impeachment in the Legislature. Texas History Minute: Jim Ferguson only Texas governor to be impeached, removed By Ken Bridges Jan 30, 2020 0 1 of 2 Gov. Ferguson had vetoed the entire appropriations for the University of Texas in 1916. I dont care who you are.. The Ferguson controversy with the university brought renewed interest in the old charges, however, and at about the same time a number of new charges were made. Impeached: The Removal of Texas Governor James E. Ferguson (Texas A&M University Press, 2017) Hardcover. "Ferguson Impeachment A part of his appeal as a candidate for governor was his support for white supremacy in the political process. With charges growing against Ferguson, the House of Representatives drew up 21 charges against him and voted to impeach. Partly cloudy skies early will give way to cloudy skies late. To impeach, the House simply needs a majority vote on the different charges involved. "[19] Texas state legislators have never previously tried to remove an appointed official. In 1917, barely into his second term as governor of Texas, James E. Ferguson was impeached, convicted, and removed from office. [6] They had two daughters: Ouida Wallace Ferguson, and Dorrace Watt Ferguson. The second was state District Judge OliveroCarrilloin 1976, who was impeached for income tax fraud. The letter claimed that Winkler was the best person for the job. Why was Governor James E. Ferguson impeached and convicted in 1917? The impeachment process begins with the House of Representatives. Dr. Ken Bridges is a writer, historian and native Texan. At the same time, officials had begun looking into Fergusons finances. 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