Spruance, Raymond A. Up until this time, the Japanese had captured island after island as they . The Japanese intercepted this and soon started sending messages that "AF was short on water. The recipient of the letter below was his longtime friend and former chief-of-staff Captain Charles "Carl" J. Moore. Spruance began World War II as a gunship admiral, commanding a division of . He has appeared on The History Channel as a featured expert. Returning to Newport, Spruance remained at the college until retiring from the US Navy on July 1, 1948. Not till many months later did American intelligence ferret out the facts."[33]. He also commanded Task Force 16 at the Battle of Midway, comprising the carriers Enterprise and Hornet. Admiral Spruance commanded with deadly precision, reported an observer. On November 24, Spruance relieved Nimitz as Commander, US Pacific Fleet. One commentator said: The quick success of the offensive was attributed to the strategic daring by which Vice Admiral Spruances forces cut behind the eastern chain of the Marshalls. He loved to show them to visitors. I can thank heredity for a sound constitution, and myself for taking care of that constitution." Photograph Courtesy of the US Naval History & Heritage Command. edward dean spruancegarberiel battery charger manual 26th February 2023 / in what's happening in silsbee, tx today / by / in what's happening in silsbee, tx today / by This saw Allied forces move against Okinawa in the Ryukyu Islands. British Royal Navy units helped support the landings. Notwithstanding their different personalities, Spruance and Halsey were close friends. They follow returning American pilots and damage the Yorktown, but receiving more than 50% casualties. After Rome fell, the bishop of Constantinople became the most pow It would become on of the last aircraft carriers to be sunk in a war in all of history during the battle of Leyte Gulf 2-3 years later. He was survived by his wife and a daughter, Mrs. Gerald S. Bogart of Newport, R.I. His only son, Navy Captain Edward D. Spruance, who served for 30 years, was killed in a car accident in Marin County, Calif., in May 1969. [7], Spruance ran a quiet bridge, without chit-chat; he demanded that orders be given concisely and clearly. Admiral Halsey was given command of the Third Fleet, and later that year Task Force 58 was transferred to Halseys fleet. World War II: Admiral Raymond Spruance. It was his job to protect the landing force.[8]. In June 1931, Spruance returned to Newport, RI to serve on the staff of the Naval War College. 31, 2021, thoughtco.com/admiral-raymond-spruance-2360511. During WWII Italian Commandos Were Tasked to Ride Torpedoes. President Harry S. Truman appointed him ambassador to the Philippines in January 1952, and he served until March 1955. Spruance is depicted as the controversial victor of Midway by G. D. Spradlin in the 1988 TV miniseries War and Remembrance. Moving into position near Midway, Spruance's force was later joined by Rear Admiral Frank J. Fletcher's TF 17 which included the carrier USS Yorktown (CV-5). Nagumo ordered his planes rearmed on their return. He presided over US Forces in the Pacific during two decisive Allied victories: the Battle of Midway in 1942 and the 1944 Battle of the Philippines Sea. Successfully concluding operations, Spruance was promoted to admiral in February. Locating the Japanese carriers as they were rearming and refueling their aircraft, American bombers inflicted massive damage and sank three. The correct answer to this open question is the following. However a second strike from Hiry would fatally cripple Fletcher's flagship, Yorktown and as a result, Fletcher passed command to Spruance, who would command the mop up phase of the battle. It was spotted by scouts from the USS Hornet and destroyed by planes from the Enterprise. All four of Japans aircraft carriers were sunk, devastating Japans ambitions in the Pacific. Historian Morison later described Spruances performance at Midway as superb. Then he returned to the Naval War College as a staff member. Naval Academy at Annapolis. The American offensive in the Pacific theater was now enjoying considerable momentum, aided in no small measure by Rear Adm. Marc Mitschers Task Force 58, the most powerful and destructive unit in the history of sea warfare. Yet because of his modest, retiring nature, Spruance was never a popular hero in the manner of Admirals Nimitz, William F. Halsey and Marc A. Mitscher. On April 22, Task Force 58s guns and planes supported the U.S. invasion of Hollandia in Dutch New Guinea and Aitape in Australian New Guinea. The U.S. Navy's decisive victory in the air-sea battle (June 3-6, 1942) and its successful defense of the major base located at Midway Island dashed Japan's hopes of neutralizing the United. His torpedo bombershaving switched to bombs for the attack on Midwaywere away, and most of his protective fighters were out on patrol. [32] Wouk writes in his book that "Spruance escaped [the Japanese fleet admiral] Yamamoto's terrible trap by acting on perfect military instinct. Above all, Midway was the turning point that heralded the ultimate defeat of Japan. Admiral Spruance no.__!t to seek and destroy the Imperial Japanese Navy in a "decisive battle." Rather, Spruance chose to place highest priority on covering and defending the United States (U.S.) amphibious forces that were in the initial phase of the invasion of Salpan. A bust of Spruance is in the lobby. After six furious minutes, the three carriers were left burning. Samuel Eliot Morison agreed: Power of decision and coolness in action were perhaps Spruances leading characteristics. [30] He is shown to be at loggerheads with his staff on numerous occasions and corrected by them once. As the island-hopping campaign began, MacArthur continued his . On April 1, Spruance began the Battle of Okinawa. Biographies, 20th century collection, Navy Department Library, Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath, Spruance, Raymond A. On 13 May 1945, Admiral Raymond Spruance put pen to paper and described the second kamikaze attack he experienced at Okinawa. Besides, the Japanese only had 35 serviceable planes left, rendering her carriers toothless. [13] But in summing up Spruance's performance in the battle, Morison wrote: "Fletcher did well, but Spruance's performance was superb. Admiral William L. Calhoun saw him as a cold-blooded fighting fool. He was then 55. A. Desegregation of Society He did not discuss his private life, feelings, prejudices, hopes or fears, except perhaps with his family and his closest friends. Spruance was an active man who thought nothing of walking eight or 10 miles a day. That is how the US navy could inflict great damage to the Japanese fleet and aircraft. Spruance was awarded the Navy Distinguished Service Medal for his service at Midway. Spruance commanded US naval forces during two of the most significant naval battles that took place in the Pacific theater, the Battle of Midway and the Battle of the Philippine Sea. He advanced quickly through the ranks, becoming an admiral in 1944. These attacks were followed by a raid against Marcus Island. These plans proved moot when the war came to an abrupt end in early August with the use of the atom bomb. However, his actions were both praised and understood by the main persons ordering and directly involved in the battle. The battle would open in the mist-shrouded Aleutians with airstrikes against Dutch Harbor on June 3, followed by landings at three points on June 6. Adding to the surprise factor was the fact that Admirals Yamamoto and Nagumo did not believe the U.S. Pacific Fleet was at sea. Japanese Admiral in command of the second division of the carrier strike force based on Aircraft Carrier IJN Hiryu. Analyzing Information How does Admiral Spruance explain the U.S. victory Akagi and Kaga subsequently went down. On the afternoon of June 4, 24 American dive bombersincluding 10 refugees from Yorktownscored four hits on Hiryu. Known for his calm in moments of crisis, Admiral Spruance became one of the U.S. Navy's largest assets in World War II. A total of 1,132 enemy planes were put out of action. Admiral Raymond A. Spruance, U.S. Navy, April 1955 . Summing up his appraisal of this outstanding sailor, Morison noted: Spruance in the Battle of the Philippine Sea, overriding Mitscher the carrier expert in letting the enemy planes come at him instead of going in search of them, won the second most decisive battle of the Pacific war. Admiral Raymond Ames Spruance was a key American naval commander who served in the Pacific Theater of World War II.A graduate of the US Naval Academy, Spruance commanded cruisers during the early months of the conflict and first came to prominence for helping lead American forces to victory at the pivotal Battle of Midway in June 1942. But several hours laternear the end of daylight hoursa U.S. scout plane located Hiry again. By then 43 years old, Commander Spruance went to sea againaboard the battleship Mississippi from 1929 to 1931. More to his liking was the study of foreign methods of naval fire control, which took him to London and Edinburgh. Shortly after the Midway battle, Spruance became chief of staff to Admiral Nimitz, and in September 1942 was appointed as Deputy Commander in Chief of the Pacific Fleet. Raymond Ames Spruance (July 3, 1886 - December 13, 1969) was a United States Navy admiral during World War II.He commanded U.S. naval forces during one of the most significant naval battles that took place in the Pacific Theatre: the Battle of the Philippine Sea.He also commanded Task Force 16 at the Battle of Midway, comprising the carriers Enterprise and Hornet. But due to a printing error on the executive calendar of nominations, Spruance was officially promoted only to his former rank of vice admiral. B. erful leader. Japanese escort carrier that was mainly responsible for launching scouts attached to Combined Fleet main body. After serving aboard the battleship Iowa, Spruance went on a world cruise aboard the battleship Minnesota. Traveling to the Pacific, he was in this post when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7 forcing the US to enter the war. At the end of the Second World War Congress created a limited number of five-star ranks for the Army and the Navy, designated General of the Army and Fleet Admiral. One exception was Admiral John Towers, a constant critic of Spruance, whom Spruance came to despise for his naked ambition.[18]. On June 19, however, hundreds of planes from nine Japanese aircraft carriers attacked the Fifth Fleet. How did Paul's education The USS Enterprise ambushes and sinks the Hiryu. Admiral Spruance explained the U.S. victory at Midway in the following way. The two admirals were a contrast in styles. The Gilberts attack was planned and directed by Spruance, with the assistance of Rear Adms. President Franklin D. Roosevelt nominated Spruance for promotion to full admiral on February 10, 1944, and he was approved. D. The Pope lived in Constantinople. He never did things the same way twice. The gallant carrier was crippled but nearly succeeded in reaching safety before torpedoes from Japanese submarine I-68 finally sank her three days later. If this happened, it would enable the Japanese to pinch the Americans between their two carrier forces. Both commanders hoped for a classic battle with the Imperial Japanese Navy, but only Mitschers carrier planes were able to reach the enemy. During World War II, he was commander in the . The Japanese were trying to tow Soryu to safety when she was torpedoed and sunk by the U.S. submarine Nautilus. Advertisement Still have questions? Spruance directed Operation Hailstone against the Japanese naval base Truk in February 1944 in which twelve Japanese warships, thirty-two merchant ships and 249 aircraft were destroyed. In August 1943, Spruance, now a vice admiral, returned to sea as Commander Central Pacific Force. During this period, Spruance served aboard USS Minnesota (BB-22) during the cruise of the Great White Fleet. And, off Okinawa, Spruance never faltered in face of the destruction wrought by the kamikazes. During the Midway engagement which resulted in the defeat of and heavy losses to the enemy fleet, his seamanship, endurance, and tenacity in handling his task force were of the highest quality. But his service was not yet finished. Four days after the invasion, all immediate objectives had been taken, and by February 8, 1944, all organized resistance had ceased. [31] The series, based on Herman Wouk's book of the same name, shows Spruance's decision to end the battle and retreat rather than confront the rest of the Japanese fleet as having been opposed by his subordinates, and he was mocked behind his back as "lacking the stomach." , and he served until March 1955 Commander, US Pacific Fleet was at.... And damage the Yorktown, but receiving more than 50 % casualties later year! 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