But that was not all. [19]. As Eric struggled to absorb the devastating news, Alice composed herself enough to tell her two other children, seven-year-old Lisa and five-year-old Nils, that their father would not be coming home. One section would give modified, or different, tricks and techniques of performance so that the tricks could be performed by women. What brought you here? she asked. I was talking with a friend tonight about my fathers death. Although the CIA documents that Colby had given the Olson family filled in some missing details, it raised as many questions as it purported to answer. Well, Gottlieb is like that except hes cosmic in scope, interested in everything. A medical examiner will try to determine the direction of impact, the type of object that caused it, and how often contact was made. This is what we do. White thought they were all assholes. Sometime in 1952, the agency began testing LSD on individuals, presumably CIA volunteers. This answer also explains why Lashbrook and Olson stayed in the Statler Hotel, rather than in the safehouse that was available to them in Greenwich Village, ten minutes away by taxi. Why Mulholland was going to Chicago for the Agency remains uncertain, although there is some evidence that he was going to take part in secretly assessing the claims of Andrija Puharich claims that related to electronic systems and telepathy. N was Anthrax, X was botulism and so forth. (4.53). Roselli was originally from Chicago, where White had served as District Supervisor of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics from 1945 through 1947. University of Virginia He turned to us all, sitting by the pool. Saracco and Bibb flew to meet him in California, but he would only talk in the presence of an attorney, which resulted in his stone walling all the questions asked. H.P. The body that had floated to the surface of the murky lake had at last been reinserted into the network of shady, disavowed operations that led to the murder. THE CAMP ON BLOOD ISLAND Even the manuscript itself would have to be written in a manner that protected the Agency should it fall into the wrong hands. Ruwet was a close friend of the Olson family, he had been in contact with Olson daily since June 1953 and had been with Lashbrook and Olson in New York until the previous day. I think thats a tremendous tribute to our country., She felt very embraced by Gerald Ford, said Eric. He said, Theres my father. Underlying bases for the successful performance of tricks and the background of the psychological principles by which they operate. Erics avocation had become a fixation that had eclipsed his career; having returned to the United States for good, he gave up his work as a clinical psychologist to focus full-time on his fathers case. He downed a full vial of the clear, viscous liquid and soon passed out without revealing any secrets. As Eric would later recall, In that moment when I learned that my father had gone out a window and died, it was as if the plug were pulled from some central basin of my mind and a vital portion of my consciousness drained out., Yet Alice knew that her husband had been troubled by something of late. Are their accusations accurate? Frank remained agitated all weekend. By then, his health had deteriorated considerably. In fact, they brought him to Harold Abramson, who prescribed nembutal and bourbon. But there is no doubt that the CIA contemplated using those methods and carried out such experiments on animals, and the way these things go it would require the willful naivete of, say, a Senate subcommittee to maintain that they stopped there. January 2004 28.32 I am eighty-two years old and Im no longer afraid, he said. He doesnt mix with us poor mortals.[7]. He should be determined, courageous, intelligent, resourceful, and physically active. Whites diaries indicate that Gottlieb continued to visit, flying out from Washington several times a year at least until 1961. Suddenly a female voice interjected I knew theyd find you some day. Such experimentation was at the heart of the MKULTRA project. As Mulholland wrote Gottlieb on November 11: The manual as it now stands consists of the following five sections: 1. He put his bet on Gottlieb, and Sidney did the damage. The space would be filled night and day with harsh light and noise. The terrifying specter of a secret army of Manchurian Candidates, outwardly normal operatives programmed to carry out political assassinations, was paraded before a gullible and easily manipulated public. They had started with the active ingredient in marijuana and moved on to more dangerous drugs, like LSD once the program directors decided that informed subjects could not give authentic results, agents had administered LSD in large doses to unsuspecting soldiers at the Edgewood Arsenal and to unconsenting civilians in hospitals. Tell me this story again. And my mother very quickly adopted the stance, Look, Ive told you this story a thousand times. And I would say, Yeah, but I didnt get it.. After returning, Cournoyer recalls, Olson asked, Have you ever seen a man die?, He actually called it torture, Cournoyer recalls. I am sorry.. According to Ruwet, Olson said he felt all mixed up and questioned his own ability to perform his duties. Bridge falls into water are not reliable. Bill said that Sargant was right but that he was sure that Richard Helms and Sydney Gottlieb would have ensured that nothing would ever be proven. The team reported that the tests demonstrated conclusively the effectiveness of the combined chemical-hypnotic technique Now the way was opened for the use of LSD in interrogations. Its painful to me. Are they checking me for security?'' 8.31 ERIC OLSON. U. S. authorities claimed that the Chinese had brainwashed their prisoners, cleaned out their minds and inserted the false information. Frank Rudolph Olson died on November 28, 1953, when he fell from the 13th floor of Manhattan's Hotel Statler. A Citadel Press Book This is war. They say he jumped. But it seems the CIA has already found a solution. Also present were Gottlieb, 1 two CIA scientists-a man named Hughes and Dr. Robert V. Lashbrook and four members of the Armys Chemi cal Corps Special Operations team. This was reported in a January 19, 1995 AP story by reporter Deb Riechmann, the same reporter who had also found amysterious documentin Olsons personnel file. Jones said he cannot confirm the recollection of others that Willards sub-strain of anthrax was used for a new weapons strain. The neighbors, the community didnt know who it was, what this place was, because the military personnel going in and out of the house werent in uniform, they wore civilian clothing. Under ordinary circumstances, the 5MG shold be used as a fully automatic weapon. Lee, Martin, and Bruce Shlain. ''He was broken up something awful,'' Pastore told reporters many years later, flat on his back with his legs smashed and bent at a terrible angle. There (is) the possibility that it might be necessary to disclose highly classified national security information in connection with any court suit or legislative hearings.. The North Korean Government has said it is not holding any Americans. Hey guys! That was a matter of some considerable consternation. Fort Detricks engineers delivered five devices including the dart gun collectively known as the Big Five. But records of what Special Forces did with the weapons remain classified, said Fort Bragg archivist Cynthia Hayden. Ike, he says, youve been doing one hell of a job as an undercover man. The armys LSD experiments took place on the campus of the Chemical Corps in Edgewood Arsenal. Samples of hair are taken as well, and if the body has recently died, urine is removed from the bladder for drug testing. Cournoyer got right to the point: Yes, your father worked for the CIA. I had never had a conversation with him about anything that might have involved moral values. There were at least eight separate MKULTRA subprojects devoted to hypnosis, including two involving hypnosis and drugs in combination. 20.28 Now in his 70s, Feldman still looks and talks like Edward G. Robinson playing gangster Johnny Rocco in, Posing as Joe Capone, junk dealer and pimp, Feldman infiltrated the seamy North Beach criminal demimonde. However, when my parents returned to London several weeks later, my father became anxious, and he and my mother returned to Moscow. Was the government afraid Frank Olson might reveal state secrets? But with the postwar revelations of Nazi atrocities in the name of science, the need for formal ethical guidelines became painfully clear, The Nuremberg code was the most important document of this period. Theres no case of this, and all this fictional stuff is like an immunisation against reality. For fifty years the United States has continued to deny that this country has used biological weapons in combat. In the search for truth, Eric had to tear his father's body limb from limb. and John Kelly. 38). He had either fallen or jumped, but young Eric could not understand the full importance of what that meant. Eric Olson, In giving the six unwitting Harvard seniors LSD that spring of 1954, Dr. Hyde was motivated by the highest ideals. Finding myself lost in the warrens of lower Manhattan I happened by chance upon a police station where I asked for directions. This is how Regis tells the story of Olsons death in New York three days later: Just in case Olson should try to leave the room and wander about the neighborhood as hed done two nights earlier, Lashbrook took the bed next to the door. When he was buried the coffin had been sealed. Eric would later wonder whether Houstons memo of understanding or another backroom agreement had played a role in the abortive investigation by the New York D.A.s office. The advent of LSD, Timothy Leary would declare later, was no accident. EMPLOYMENT CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing has been used to correct DMD mutations in animal. Really, this story begins with the proclamation delivered by the CIA director Allen Dulles to his Princeton alumni group in 1953. His fathers sudden death haunted Eric, who was now the man of the house. The next day, Olson went straight to Ruwet's office and said he wanted to resign. It also suggested that the perpetrator then play the horrified witness, and that drugs be used for the subjects preparation. These telling results left no further doubt that the remains we had autopsied were those of Dr. Frank Olson to the exclusion of anyone else. A suspect weapon may or may not be available, but if it is, then the wound patterns may be connected to the instrumentality causing them, described as a pattern-type injury. He will face the death penalty. What CIA scientists eagerly sought at the outset was a drug that might neutralize the suspected Russian compounds and prevent agents from revealing information. Thank you for the notification that my project has been approved. In this memo Cheney refers to concerns about: the possibility that it might become necessary to disclose highly classified national security information in connection with any court suit, or legislative hearings on a private bill intended to provide additional compensation to the family. This crisis occurred, it is important to emphasize, several months prior to the LSD drugging at Deep Creek Lake. I organized the project in my usual bi-level manner. On Nov. 28, 1953, Olson allegedly dove through a closed and shaded 10th-floor hotel window in the middle of the night. However the introduction of the drug had a definite effect on the entire group. Lashbrook left the agency, but Gottlieb remained in senior positions for 20 more years. If Frank Olsons death was indeed the unintended result of an MK-ULTRA experiment as the report concluded then why all the cryptic references in the document to ARTICHOKE? We know that the horizontal divider on this double-hung window was five feet ten inches from the floor of Room 1018A. He was asked to turn out his pockets.. The fact that the letter did reach me shows the cordial relationship I have with my local Post Office. He was 80 years old . Fremont-Smith organized the conferences that spread the word about LSD to the academic hinterlands. But the question of motive remained a mystery. He was 9 years old when his mother woke him before dawn half a century ago in Cold War America. I drove west from Frederick on Route 70 in a pouring rain, and continued in slightly better weather on Route 68 through Cumberland, a dilapidated town I hadnt seen in 37 years, since Nils and I collapsed in exhaustion there on the first day of our bicycle trip to California in the summer of 1961. I know, he said. At Senate hearings on the matter in 1977, Gottlieb had stated that these were risks worth taking for the sake of national security, the same position he had expressed to me at our one and only meeting. 5.35 In May 1963 1 learned that my father had received fifty four ECT treatments, and I arranged his transfer to a clinic in East Berlin. Then they became alert and they pulled their guns out and said: You open the door and well go in. I opened the door with my key and they rushed in. The LSD, that was just the tip of the iceberg. At the end of the film, Luther nails his 95 theses to the door of the castle church in Whittenburg, officially severing his ties to the Catholic Church. Frank Olson had been buried in a sealed casket. If the assassin is trained as a doctor or nurse and the subject is under medical care, this is an easy and rare method. As we walked on, I asked Feldman to explain how his work had been helpful to the country. Ruwet would spent long-daytime hours with Mrs Olson. I focused on the Statlers night manager, Armand Pastore, who first found Dr. Olson lying supine and barely alive on the 7th Avenue west-side sidewalk; the Statlers telephone operator, who overheard Dr. Lashbrooks call from room 1018A following Olsons exiting the window; the priest from the nearby Roman Catholic Church who had given Dr. Olson the Last Rites as he lay dying on the sidewalk; and the New York City police officer on the beat who had responded to the death scene. In late 1975, summoned by the U.S. Senate, Sidney Gottlieb returned from semi-retirement as a hospital volunteer in India (he dedicated the latter portion of his life to charitable pursuits, almost as if doing penance for earlier sins). They had been told theirs was a case they could not win. The reason we have waited so long to do this is that we wanted to be certain that when we reburied our fathers remains we would not be reburying the truth at the same time. So far as I was concerned, clear thinking was nonexistent while under the influence of any of these drugs, he wrote. Olson was told that he had swallowed LSD about 20 minutes after drinking some Cointreau. Now, with these drugs, you could get information without having to abuse people.. One account passed down by a former staff member was that Vollum 1B was produced by passage of the Vollum strain through rabbits, she said. The specific question, then, was whether the sub-galeal hemorrhage over the left eye can reasonably be attributable to the impact to the right parietal bone, resulting in the hinge fracture of the skull. They immediately began to run down leads, and were surprised to learn that the C.I.A. 2. Eric lives on foundation grants, book advances and some help from his brother and others. Dr. Gibson wanted me to understand that this was not and had never been the case. But secrecy governed everything in the program, including the deaths, because the American bioweapons makers had a keen awareness of the threat from their counterparts in the Soviet Union, occasionally supplemented by detailed information. The following year, an obscure Swiss chemist named Albert Hoffmann, working for the Sandoz pharmaceutical company, accidentally imbibed a concoction he had created while looking for a circulation stimulant. Immediately after the war he courted the Americans, seeking to ensure a job in the United States. 43.31 Voice of US Air Force Pilot (Prisoner of War in North Korea): Erics younger sister, Lisa, was killed in a 1978 plane crash along with her husband and 2-year-old son. Agent Walter P. T. heard Abramson remark to Lashbrook that he was worried as to whether or not the deal was in jeopardy and he thought the operation was dangerous and the whole deal should be reanalyzed. What was the deal which both Dr. Abramson and CIA Agent Lashbrook knew about? 8.43 Voice of Eric Olson: Espionage. He would do virtually anything if he believed it to be in the American interest. Roselli had risen to prominence in the Mob by taking over the Annenberg-Ragen wire service at Santa Anita, where Oswalds killer, Jack Ruby, sold a handicappers tip sheet. University researchers would soon discover that, like Dr. Faustus, the legendary Renaissance magician who sold his soul to the devil in exchange for knowledge and power, they had signed a contract before reading the fine print. Eight years ago, questions unanswered, Frank Olsons body was exhumed from the Frederick cemetery where it had lain for more than 40 years. Olsons son Eric is convinced his father was murdered by agents of the American government because he wanted to leave the CIA. He had entered a world of covert operations, espionage, mind control, drugs, and even death. In the following years, he traveled often to Europe, including making several trips to Germany. And he is down on the street.. During World War II he was in the Office of strategic Services, the precursor of the CIA. Even at that young age, Eric saw the 2,415-mile journey as a metaphor. quietly dropped the case (the New York D.A.s office has declined to comment, citing grand jury secrecy). The piece of paper also contained the address 81 Bedford St. which Whites diary shows to be the New York safe house. I can see why the Olson family feel so dissatisfied with the official verdict of suicide as the cause of his death. In Stockholm, he read intensively, exploring the connection between his spatial, collage-based theory of the mind and linguistic accounts of mental processes. They spent Thursday night at a Long Island hotel not far from Abramsons Long Island clinic. 2. After that, he went back to his narcotics work, interrupting it in the early 1950s to become an investigator for the Serate committee headed by Sen. Estes Kefauver that looked into organized crime. My Russian being fluent, I confirmed my fathers story by interviewing his official hosts, his doctors, the organizers of the party, several attendees and a top Soviet official. Three years later, Eric would discover that a CIA assassination manual written in late 1953 the period of his fathers death prescribed exactly that technique. 33.07 Voice of Ira (Ike) Feldman/Former CIA agent: 34.52 Voice of Prof. James Starrs/George Washington University: 36.05 Voice of Prof. James Starrs/George Washington University: 36.49 Voice of Prof. James Starrs/George Washington University: 37.24 Voice of Norman Cournoyer/Friend of Frank Olson: 38:16 Voice of Arthur Vidich/Brother-in-law of Frank Olson: 42.19 Voice of Norman Cournoyer/Friend of Frank Olson, 43.10 Voice of Norman Cournoyer/Friend of Frank Olson. (New York: Dell, 1999). Isbell has not made himself available for questioning on these and other points. Dr. Gibson explained that the affair was still vivid in his memory because he grieved over the fact that he had dissuaded Dr. Lashbrook from journeying with Dr. Olson to the hospital on the night of the first phone call. 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