karate framework for ui automation

A variation where the argument is JSON instead of a URL / address-string, used typically if you are testing a desktop (or mobile) application. You can experiment by using XPath snippets like the span/a seen above for even more narrowing down, but try to expand the scope modifier (the part within curly braces) only when you need to do de-duping in case the same user-facing text appears multiple times on a page. You can lock down the fact that you only want to execute the single JUnit class that functions as a test-suite - by using the following maven-surefire-plugin configuration: Note how the karate.options can be specified using the configuration. Format of the trustStore file. id: '#regex[0-9]+', Bob,Wild Here is an example: You can see the structure of the data here: kittens.json. We need to use assertion to validate the response data. isValidTime(_)' If you are just trying to pre-define schema snippets to use in a fuzzy-match, you can use enclosed Javascript to suppress the default behavior of replacing placeholders. Assertions and HTML reports are built-in, and you can run tests in parallel for speed. """, """ A good example of where you may need this is if you programmatically write a file to the target folder, and then you can read it like this: Take a look at the Karate Demos for real-life examples of how you can use files for validating HTTP responses, like this one: read-files.feature. You simply do something like this: A common need is to send the same header(s) for every request, and configure headers (with JSON) is how you can set this up once for all subsequent requests. ] If you want to use JUnit 4, use karate-junit4 instead of karate-junit5. c Or - if a call is made without an assignment, and if the function returns a map-like object, it will add each key-value pair returned as a new variable into the execution context. }] You can ask for an element by its relative position to another element which is visible - such as a ,

or and for which the locator is easy to obtain. And then you would use the built-in driver JS object for all other operations, combined with Karates match syntax for assertions where needed. To create paginated pdf document from the page loaded. Conditionally making a test fail is easy with karate.fail(). Karate an Open source framework developed by Karatelabs has made Test Automation simple and unified for both API testing and UI Automation using Gherkins. In case you were wondering, variables (and even expressions) are supported on the right-hand-side. It will inject all top-level keys of the JSON file into the Karate context as global variables. Now we can right click on feature file and run it. You just need to do a normal POST (or GET). For a proxy that requires authentication, set the, The charset that will be sent in the request, HTTP requests and responses (including headers) will appear in the HTML report, default. The not equals operator != works as you would expect: You typically will never need to use the != (not-equals) operator ! Each array element is expected to be a JSON object, and for each object - the behavior will be as described above. See also responseStatus if you want to do some complex assertions against the HTTP status code. Since Karate uses Gherkin, you can also employ data-driven techniques such as expressing data-tables in test scripts. This is very useful to boil-down those common steps that you may have to perform at the start of multiple test-scripts - into one-liners. A typical need would be to perform a sign in, or create a fresh user as a pre-requisite for the scenarios being tested. If you are familiar with Cucumber / Gherkin, the big difference here is that you dont need to write extra glue code or Java step definitions ! Get all my courses for USD 5.99/Month - https://bit.ly/all-courses-subscriptionIn this Karate Tutorial, we will learn about webelement functions in Karate, l. For manipulating or updating JSON (or XML) using path expressions, refer to the set keyword. We will use this page: https://www.seleniumeasy.com/test/dynamic-data-loading-demo.html - as an example. So the above could be re-written as follows: It is worth repeating that the above can be condensed into 2 lines. Here is a recap of symbols that can be used in JSON embedded expressions: There is a shortcut for match each explained in the next section that can be quite useful, especially for in-line schema-like validations. So if you really wanted to assert that the HTTP response body is well-formed JSON or XML you can do this: Very rarely used - but you can get the Java system-time (for the current response) at the point when the HTTP request was initiated (the value of System.currentTimeMillis()) which can be used for detailed logging or custom framework / stats calculations. For example if you have HTML like this: To click on the checkbox, you just need to do this: By default, the HTML tag that will be searched for will be input. [{ A good example is when you have the expected data available as ready-made JSON but it is in a different shape from the actual data or HTTP response. A karate-timeline.html file will also be saved to the report output directory mentioned above (target/karate-reports by default) - which is useful for visually verifying or troubleshooting the effectiveness of the test-run (see video). Automation Testing, Karate. Since the eval keyword can be omitted when operating on variables using JavaScript, this leads to very concise code: Refer to eval for more / advanced examples. """, # in this case the solitary 'call' argument is of type string. var nums = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]; This approach is indeed slightly more complicated than traditional *.properties files - but you need this complexity. This can also be used as a setter to navigate to a new URL during a test. Assuming the above code is in a file called my-headers.js, the next section on calling other feature files shows how it looks like in action at the beginning of a test script. Another example for a popular Maven reporting plugin that is compatible with Karate JSON is Cluecumber. API API POST API abcd : : But when you deal with complex, nested JSON (or XML) - it may be easier in some cases to use replace, especially when you want to substitute multiple placeholders with one value, and when you dont need array manipulation. This is useful because the moment you use a wildcard [*] or search filter in JsonPath (see the next section), you get an array back - even though typically you would only be interested in the first item. """, "function(e){ return getComputedStyle(e)['font-size'] }", # this shorter version is equivalent to the above, # get text for all elements that match css selector, # now you can have multiple steps refer to "e", # find all elements with the text-content "Click Me", # perform some API calls and initialize the value of "token". But you can choose a single test to run like this: When your Java test runner is linked to multiple feature files, which will be the case when you use the recommended parallel runner, you can narrow down your scope to a single feature, scenario or directory via the command-line, useful in dev-mode. If you have one pre-started, you need to use the playwrightUrl driver config. Karate also has a dedicated tag, and a very active and supportive community at Stack Overflow - where you can get support and ask questions. Note that the Java class does not need to be public and even the test methods do not need to be public - so tests end up being very concise. Note that Karate will fail the test if the waitUntil() returned false - even after the configured number of re-tries were attempted. That said, if you really need to implement conditional checks, this can be one pattern: And this is another, using karate.call(). It also details how a third-party library can be easily used to generate some very nice-looking reports, from the JSON output of the parallel runner. Here are some examples: Take a look at how to loop and transform data for more ideas. Note callonce is not supported for a driver instance. Karate is the open source tool to combine API test automation, mockery, performance testing and even UI automation into a single framework. Name the file as javadsl.java and run using the command: jbang javadsl.java. Karate also has built-in support for websocket that is based on the async capability and the listen keyword. There can be multiple Scenario-s in a *.feature file, and at least one should be present. You need to use karate.toJava() to wrap JS functions passed to custom Java code. # reset to defaults for the rest of the test //www.seleniumeasy.com/test/dynamic-data-loading-demo.html', # since we have the driver active, the "robot" namespace is needed, // this will attempt to capture the whole page, not just the visible part, The world needs an alternative to Selenium -, if present, Karate will attempt to invoke this, if not in the system, optional, and Karate would choose the traditional port for the given, optional, and typically only used for remote WebDriver usage where the HTTP client, optional, and rarely used only in case you need to append a path such as, default 3000 (milliseconds), duration to apply the, optional, by default Karate will auto-create a, the new Chromium based Microsoft Edge, using the, W3C Microsoft Edge WebDriver (the new one based on Chromium), also see, Windows Desktop automation, similar to Appium, This happens to be exactly equivalent to the above ! In the example below, note the use of the karate.get() helper for getting the value of a dynamic variable (which was not set at the time this JS function was declared). Variables set using def in the Background will be re-set before every Scenario. When you have a large and complex project, you will end up with a few data files (e.g. But always use the driver keyword when you start a test and you can choose to prefer that shorter form in general. if you acquired a string from some external source, or if you generated JSON (or XML) by concatenating text or using replace, you may want to convert a string to JSON and vice-versa. Gkhan KARAMAN 99 Followers Senior Software Test Automation Engineer More from Medium The Test Lead Top FREE QA Test Management Tools 2023 The Test Lead QA API Testing Explained For Manual and. object.name. You can selectively re-direct some HTTP requests that the browser makes - into a Karate test-double ! In addition, it also supports mocks, performance testing, and Mobile test Automation with other inbuilt features physics You can see what the result looks like here. Unlike other API testing tool like Cucumber, JBehave and Specflow, Karate has written all step definitions so we dont have to write it. returns the operating system details as JSON, for e.g. karate.appendTo(idxs, i); A working example of calling a SOAP service can be found within the Karate project test-suite. Navigates to a new page / address. { But you can prefix the name with classpath: in which case the root folder would be src/test/java (assuming you are using the recommended folder structure). Dont forget to leave a comment below! And as a testing framework, Karate discourages tests that give different results on every run. Given the examples above, it has to be said that a best practice with Karate is to avoid JavaScript for loops as far as possible. Note how karate.set() and karate.remove() below are used directly as a script statement. This applies to JS functions as well: These heavily commented demo examples can help you understand shared scope better, and are designed to get you started with creating re-usable sign-in or authentication flows: Once you get comfortable with Karate, you can consider moving your authentication flow into a global one-time flow using karate.callSingle(), think of it as callonce on steroids. Only recommended for advanced users, but this guarantees a routine is run only once, even when running tests in parallel. You could even have all the steps start with When and Karate wont care. You could use it for hard-coded absolute paths in dev mode, but is obviously not recommended for CI test-suites. """, """ They can be very useful in some situations. A very powerful variation of waitUntil() takes a full-fledged JavaScript function as the argument. While this sounds dangerous and should be used with care (and limits readability), the reason this feature exists is to quickly set (or over-write) a bunch of config variables when needed. Here is a good example in the demos: dynamic-params.feature, The single JSON argument needs to be in the form { field1: { read: 'file1.ext' }, field2: { read: 'file2.ext' } } where each nested JSON is in the form expected by multipart file. The Karate project team is of the opinion that things can be made simpler. An additional-level of auto-conversion happens when objects cross the boundary between JS and Java. German or ISO-8859-15. You can also find a nice visual comparison and explanation here. The Maven tradition is to have non-Java source files in a separate src/test/resources folder structure - but we recommend that you keep them side-by-side with your *.java files. did the function invocation return a map-like (or JSON) object ? Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. If Chrome is not installed in the default location, you can pass a String argument like this: For more control or custom options, the start() method takes a Map argument where the following keys (all optional) are supported: Only supported for driver type chrome. predicate syntax, and situations where this comes in useful will be apparent when we discuss match each. function() { The first takes a single boolean argument - whether to accept or cancel. auth tokens) only once for all of your tests. Note that this example only does a string equals check on parts of the JSON, but with Karate you are always encouraged to match the entire payload in one step. {}, """ Custom header manipulation for every HTTP request is something that Karate makes very easy and pluggable. Even though Wikipedia says "web-API", it can do web UI . Sending a file as the entire binary request body is easy (note that multipart is different): The HTTP verb - get, post, put, delete, patch, options, head, connect, trace. Keep in mind that: Will actually attempt to evaluate the given string as JavaScript within the browser. You can use * char instead of Gherkin keyword. And Karate gives you control over these aspects with the small set of keywords focused on HTTP such as url, path, param, etc. You normally never need to use this in a test, Karate will close the browser automatically after a Scenario unless the driver instance was created before entering the Scenario. Listing for: Cognizant United States, Cognizant Technology Solutions. The BDD syntax with Cucumber is launguage neutral, and easy for even non-programmers. Instantiating a Java class and using this in a test is easy (see example): Since karate-config.js is processed for every Scenario, you can use a singleton instead of calling new every time. Note that url and request are not allowed as variable names. But if you are really dealing with an HTML